Introduction of Linux

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History of Linux

https://distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=redhat

Year

Description

1964

Ø  They wanted to develop such kind of OS where multiple users will access simultaneously at Bell Laboratory in New Jersey.

Ø  There were 5 members in this team

Ø  This was a UNIX Project

1969

After 4 years later they withdrawn this project

 

Ø  2 Members named - Dennis Ritchie & Ken Thompson  started on that project again with new named project – UNICS (Uniplexed Information & Computing Services)

Ø  It was a FREE


1975

Ø  An advanced version named – UNIX V6  was very popular which was FREE

Ø  But some company wanted to launch it commercially purpose.

Like # IBM – AIX

           SUN  Solaris

           MAC  OS

           HP - UX

           ** All of above version are flavor of  UNIX. Even $5000 was need to buy these

1991

Ø  Linus Torvald wanted to provide a free OS to people. He started work on it. People knows that, linux is a clone of UNIX. But it is not a true fact. His concept was from UNIX – it is a true but it’s code history was different


Ø  Andrew Tanenbaum was developed a OS for children which was named MINIX. Linus Torvald was developed a OS named  “LINUX”  from this MINIX which was fully free.

1991-

1995

Ø  Free software Movement. GNU Project  a free software, mass collaboration project

Ø  Linux(Kernel) + GNU  = Linux OS


 

 

Ø  More distribution came from that Linux OS

# RHEL

# FEDORA

# DEBIAN

# Others [Ubuntu (3rd Most Popular) , CentOS (Community Enterprise Operating System) , Amazon , Kali etc]

Ø  Linux is kernel  not OS

Ø  Linux is open source

Ø  Linux is very secure

Ø  Linux is Light Weight : 1 GB RAM  of Linux is similar with 50 GB RAM of Windows

Ø  Multiuser + Multitask

Ø  Multiple distribution

Ø Difference between “Windows  vs  Linux”

Parameter

Windows

Linux

Inception

1985

1991

Standard

Closed source OS

Open Source OS which is freely available

Webserver share

23%  share

70%  share

Architecture



File System

NTFS, FAT, ReFS

Ext2-4 , FAT, NTFS,  NFS, xFS, JFS

File System Hierarchy

Back Slash (\)

Forward Slash (/)

Cost

High cost Hardware

Low cost Hardware

Security

Less Secure

More Secure

Developed

Microsoft

Linus Torvald

Source Code

No access to source code

Full access to source code

Configuration storage

Maintains a registry to store configurations

Maintains configuration in files

 

 

 

 

 

 

 Distributions of Linux:

 Client Based Linux

Distribution

Processor

RAM

Hard Drive

MX Linux

AMD / Modern i486 Intel

512 MB

5 GB

MANJARO

1 GHz

1 GB

30 GB

LINUX MINT

 

1 - 2 GB

15 – 20 GB

POP OS

A 64 bit Processor

2 GB

16 GB

ENDEAVOUR OS

 

2 - 4 GB

 

UBUNTU

2 GHz dual-core

4 GB

25 GB

DEBIAN

1 GHz

2 GB

10 GB

ELEMENTORY OS

Intel   i3

4 GB

15 GB SSD

OPEN  SUSE

Pentium IV - 2.4 GHz

2 GB

 

 

 Server Based Linux

Distribution

Processor

RAM

Hard Drive

UBUNTU

CPU 1 GHz

1 GB

2 GB

FEDORA

2 GHz

2 GB

20 GB

RHEL

64-bit x86 or ARM System

4 GB

20 GB

SUSE Linux

A Intel 64 bit Processor

1 GB

1GB

ORACLE Linux

32 or 64-bit x86 architecture

1 GB

 

ARCH Linux

64-bit x86 architecture

512 MB

2 GB

SLACKWARE  OS

486 Processor

1 GB

1 GB

MAGERIA Linux

Any AMD, Intel processor

512 MB

5 GB

OPEN  SUSE

Pentium IV - 2.4 GHz

2 GB

 

 

 

 Directory Hierarchy


 


Directory

Purpose

/root

It  is home directory  of root/super user

/home

It is home directory of general users

/boot

It contains bootable files eg- initrd

/etc

All configuration files are stored into this

/usr

By default, software are installed into this

/bin(binary)

Contains commands used by all users including root users

/sbin(system binary)

Contains commands which is used by only root user

/opt

Optional application software packages like – Google chrome

 

/dev

Essential device files which include terminal devices, usb or any device attached to the system. Like- Printer, Mouse, Pen drive , Hard-drive  etc

 


 



Others Links:
===========

RedHat Developer Subscription:

https://developers.redhat.com/products/rhel/download#assembly-field-downloads-page-content-61451?source=sso

https://access.redhat.com/

subscription-manager     register      --auto-attach  


https://access.redhat.com/management/systems

https://access.redhat.com/management/subscriptions/product/RH00798/systems 


https://access.redhat.com/management


https://www.redhat.com/wapps/ugc/protected/usermgt/userList.html



Linux Basic:

https://itbd-training.blogspot.com/2021/11/linux-basic.html

Installation by Kickstart:

https://itbd-training.blogspot.com/2020/11/chapter-1-automating-installation-with.html


"find" command:

    https://itbd-training.blogspot.com/2020/11/linux-powerful-find-command-we-have.html


"passwd" command:

https://itbd-training.blogspot.com/2020/11/group-management-in-redhat-linux-used.html

Command for group Management (Part-1)

https://itbd-training.blogspot.com/2020/11/commands-for-group-management-to-add.html

Command for group Management (Part-2)

https://itbd-training.blogspot.com/2020/11/blog-post.html


Logical Volume Manager:

https://itbd-training.blogspot.com/2020/10/blog-post.html


Open-Office installation into RedHat-8:

https://itbd-training.blogspot.com/2020/10/openoffice-installation-in-rhel-8centos.html


Open-Office installation into RedHat-7:

https://itbd-training.blogspot.com/2020/10/installation-in-rhel-7-we-use-microsoft.html


MariaDB installation into RedHat:

https://itbd-training.blogspot.com/2020/04/mariadb-installation-process-and.html


AutoFS :

https://itbd-training.blogspot.com/2020/12/autofs-configuration-in-redhat-linux-78.html


SMABA Server Configuration:

https://itbd-training.blogspot.com/2020/12/samba-server-configuration-in-redhat.html


NIC Teaming in RedHat:

https://itbd-training.blogspot.com/2020/12/nic-teaming-in-redhat-linux-server.html


Basic Bash Scripting:

https://itbd-training.blogspot.com/2020/12/basic-bash-scripting-in-linux-part-1.html


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